社交焦虑详解
What is social anxiety?
Most of us feel awkward in at least some social situations, especially when we’re going to be in the spotlight or meeting new people. It’s also very normal to feel shy, nervous, or uncomfortable in situations where we might be judged, like an interview, meeting your partner’s family, or starting a new job.
Most of the time, this kind of anxiety settles with time, and it doesn’t often stop us from doing fun and important things. For some people however, anxiety about social situations can be debilitating and can impact their work, relationships, and quality of life. This is generally called social anxiety.
If you feel very stressed in social situations, or if you often feel very worried about other people judging you, then you might benefit from learning more about social anxiety disorder.
Social anxiety is excessive and persistent fear of being judged by other people. People with social anxiety worry about embarrassing or humiliating themselves. They tend to see themselves as strange, ugly, stupid, or flawed in some way. They also tend to worry a lot about being judged for showing physical signs of anxiety, like sweating, blushing, or trembling.
Unsurprisingly, people with social anxiety feel very stressed in situations where they might be judged by other people, like parties, job interviews, meeting new people, public speaking, getting a haircut, eating in public, or going shopping. As a result, they tend to avoid these situations as much as they can.
This means that people with social anxiety often miss out on important events or opportunities. They can also struggle to communicate their needs, say ‘no’ to people, and maintain friendships. As a result, social anxiety can have a significant impact on people’s confidence, self-esteem, and psychological wellbeing.

Not sure whether to seek help?
If you’re unsure about the way you feel, take our anonymous online Wellbeing Test to check whether your levels of stress, anxiety, or depression are within a healthy range, and see if one of our online programs could help.
What causes social anxiety?
Social anxiety doesn’t have one specific cause. It generally develops from a complex combination of a few different factors, like genes, personality, and early life experiences.
Research suggests that there’s a genetic component to social anxiety disorder. There isn’t a set selection of genes that have been shown to cause social anxiety. However, it does seem to run in families and having a family member with social anxiety increases your chance of having this disorder as well.
People’s early life experiences also influence the development of social anxiety. Experiencing situations that impact your confidence at a young age can be a risk factor for social anxiety, like overly critical parenting, bullying, or being excluded from important social groups. However, social anxiety can also develop in people who didn’t have any significant negative experiences growing up.
Personality factors also contribute to social anxiety. Social anxiety is more common in people who are naturally shy or introverted. Personality traits like being perfectionistic and self-critical, or being a ‘worrier’, can also lead to social anxiety.
The impact of life stressors also shouldn’t be underestimated. Significant life changes, like starting a new job, having a baby, or developing a serious illness can impact people’s confidence. Missing out on important opportunities or experiencing a traumatic event (especially one that impacts someone’s appearance) can also change how people see themselves.
How can I deal with social anxiety?
心理健康教育
心理教育是指了解什么是社交焦虑症、它是如何形成的以及如何维持的。这些知识有助于患者更好地理解并掌控自己的焦虑情绪。反过来,这也能减轻恐惧感和无助感,增强自信心和自尊心。对亲友进行相关教育,也能帮助他们更好地提供指导和支持。
对于社交焦虑症患者而言,最重要的信息包括:
- 社交焦虑症是一种常见的心理障碍。
- 这并非软弱的表现,也不是性格上的缺陷。
- 社交焦虑症是可以治疗的,且大多数人都能找到适合自己的治疗方法。
- 康复是常态,而非例外
认知行为疗法(CBT)
认知行为疗法(CBT)是治疗社交焦虑症的绝佳方案,既可单独使用,也可与药物治疗结合使用。CBT 旨在帮助患者掌握以下技能:
- 对抗社交焦虑中常见的负面和自我批评的想法。
- 管理社交焦虑中常见的恐惧和羞耻情绪,并建立更强的自信心。
- 重新参与或开始尝试那些你可能因为焦虑而停止的活动。
一些针对社交焦虑的CBT项目(包括我们的项目)还会教授自信心、公开演讲和有效沟通的技巧。
在以下情况下,通常会建议采用CBT:
- 患者过去曾从CBT中获益。
- 患者希望在康复过程中发挥积极主动的作用。
- 患者希望学习相关技能,以帮助自己恢复健康并保持健康状态。
- 有具备 CBT 专业知识的合格临床医生提供指导,或者患者愿意使用互联网认知行为疗法(iCBT)。
- 患者不愿服用药物,或者因医学原因无法使用抗抑郁药物。
- 患者倾向于选择认知行为疗法(CBT)或互联网认知行为疗法(iCBT)。
药物治疗
一些社交焦虑障碍患者可以从抗抑郁药物中获益(“抗抑郁药”是一个通用但容易引起混淆的术语——这些药物对焦虑症同样有效)。然而,这些药物通常只建议用于严重的社交焦虑患者,并且在与CBT结合使用时效果最佳。服用这些药物时需要记住以下几点:
- 请按处方要求服用药物。
- 在未联系开具处方的医疗专业人员之前,请勿停药。
- 随着身体的适应,副作用会逐渐减轻。如果副作用没有减弱或难以忍受,请联系您的医疗专业人员。
- 感觉好转时不要擅自停药,否则焦虑可能会复发。

How can Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) help with social anxiety?
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy or CBT is considered to be one of the leading psychological treatments for social anxiety. All of our online programs use CBT strategies to help ease symptoms of anxiety and depression. Click below to see if CBT can help you tackle your symptoms to improve the way you feel.
How can I cope with the symptoms of social anxiety?
When you’re feeling nervous about facing a social situation, you can try some of the below strategies:
深呼吸
- 用鼻子吸气 3 秒,然后呼气至少 3 秒。
- 呼吸时,专注于你的呼吸。感受它在鼻腔、喉咙、胸部和腹部的感觉。
- 呼气时,感受身体的紧张感逐渐消散。
- 重复至少 3 分钟。
体育锻炼
体育锻炼(那种让你气喘吁吁的运动)有助于减轻焦虑感,并提升情绪、自信心和自尊感。
- 尝试每周至少进行3次、每次30分钟的有氧运动。
- 如果可以的话,试着挑战自己,真正让心率提上来。
- 从一点一滴做起——哪怕只有5分钟也比什么都不做要好。
- 你还可以制作一份有趣的音乐播放列表,在锻炼时聆听,让它为你注入能量和自信!
转变负面思想与情绪
- 列出你身上三个最棒的优点——可以寻求朋友或亲人的帮助。随身携带这份清单,每当你陷入负面情绪时,就拿出来读一读。
- 列出三件你处理得比预期更好的困难之事。当你担心如果这些忧虑成真该如何应对时,读一读这份清单。
- 每天记录下生活中发生的点滴趣事或美好瞬间,并在见到朋友时与他们分享。


